CROCUS SATIVUS SAFFRON FLOWER BULBS FALL BLOOMING PLANT IN YOUR LAWN OR

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Common Name: saffron crocusType: BulbFamily: IridaceaeNative Range: Garden originZone: 6 to 8Height: 0.25 to 0.50 feetSpread: 0.25 to 0.50 feetBloom Time: September to OctoberBloom Description: Lilac purpleSun: Full sun to part shadeWater: MediumMaintenance: LowFlower: ShowyTolerate: Drought
Culture

Easily grown in average, medium moisture, well-drained soils in full sun to part shade. Plants perform best in gritty, well-drained soils. Avoid heavy clay soils, poorly-drained soils or overly moist soil conditions. Plants do best in climates with long, dry summers. Plant corms about 2-4” deep and 3-4” apart in late summer to early fall (September). Plants are sterile and do not produce viable seed. Divide corms to propagate.

Noteworthy Characteristics

Crocus sativus, commonly called saffron crocus, is a fall-blooming crocus from which the spice saffron is harvested. Although cultivated since ancient times, the native habitat of this crocus is unknown. Saffron crocus may have first appeared in Greece as a sterile triploid form that was selected from C. cartwrightianus. Saffron crocus is commercially grown today in a number of locations, but primarily from Spain to Italy to Greece to Iran to India, with almost 80% of world production coming from Spain and Iran. It is also grown ornamentally as an attractive fall bloomer. It typically grows to 4-6” tall. Each corm produces several upright, cup-like, lilac-purple flowers that bloom in early to mid-autumn for about 1-2 weeks. Each flower has three long style branches tipped with reddish-orange stigmas. The stigmas often protrude beyond the petal cup. It takes about 1/4 million stigmas (75,000 flowers) to produce one pound of saffron which in large part explains why saffron is the most expensive spice regularly sold in commerce today. Flowers close at night and open up in the morning, but usually remain closed on rainy/cloudy days. Basal, grass-like leaves appear slightly prior to bloom. Colchicum autumnale (meadow saffron with pink flowers and 6 stamens) also blooms in autumn, but is very poisonous.

Problems

Squirrels, mice and other rodents can be problems. Squirrels seem particularly adept at locating, digging up and eating newly planted corms.

Uses

Brings attractive ornamental fall bloom to the landscape. Large sweeping drifts can be spectacular. Plants also may be grouped in beds, borders, rock gardens, herb gardens, in front of shrubs, along walks or in various other small areas around the home. For culinary purposes, stigmas may be removed from flowers with tweezers, dried and then stored in air-tight containers for later use as saffron, but the harvest amount from a large mass of flowers is disappointingly small. Saffron is a prized ingredient in a number of classic dishes including risotto, rice, paella and bouillabaisse.

Planting

Depth

How deep should I plant my fall bulbs outdoors?

The basic rule of thumb is that the hole should be at least three times as deep as the height of the bulb. Use the chart below for the required planting depth of your bulbs.  Don't worry about your bulbs being planted an inch or two deeper than recommended; in most cases this provides the bulb with a little extra protection.

How do I force my bulbs for indoor blooms? If so, most bulbs require a certain amount of chill-time in the refrigerator before they can be forced.  Eight to fifteen weeks is the general requirement.  See the "Chill Chart" below for approximate chill-times for most bulbs.  You should, however, follow the package directions for any bulbs you purchase.  If you cut the chill-time short for any bulbs, you may get blooms, but they will probably be stunted or deformed.


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